hout itself. Therefore, wlien first, a man has an appetite or will to something, to which immediately before he had no appetite nor will; the cause of his will is not the will itself, but something else not in his own disposing. So that, whereas it is out of controversy, that of voluntary actions the will is the necessary cause, and by this which is said, the will is also necessarily caused by other things, whereof it disposes not, it follows that voluntary actions have all of them necessary causes, and therefore are necessitated.“
119) 7) „I hold that to be a sufficient cause, to which nothing is wanting that is needfull to the producing of the effect. The same is also a necessary cause: [454] for, if it be possible that a sufficient cause shall not bring forth the effect, then there wanteth somewhat, which was needfull to the producing of it; and so the cause was not sufficient. But if it be impossible that a sufficient cause should not produce the effect; then is a sufficient cause a necessary cause. Hence it is manifest, that whatewer is produced, is produced necessarily. For whatsoever is produced has had a sufficient cause to produce it, or eise it had not been: and therefore also voluntary actions are necessitated.“
120) 8) „That ordinary definition of a free agend (namely that a free agent is that, which, when all things are present, which are needfull to produce the effect, can nevertheless not produce it) implies a contradiction and is Nonsense, being as much as to say, the cause may be sufficient, that is to say necessary, and yet the effect shall not follow.“ —
121) Str. 485: „Every accident, how contingent soever it seem, or how voluntary soever it be, is produced necessarily.“[1]
- ↑ 6) Nic nie poczyna się samo ze siebie, natomiast wszystko poczyna się dzięki działaniu jakiejś innej przyczyny, która leży poza niem. Dlatego też, jeżeli człowiek życzy sobie teraz, albo chce czegoś, czego bezpośrednio przedtem nie
